The five pairs
Click a cell: A = contracted, B = plain + u.
or use the + on each cell
Minimal pairs in sentences
Two sentences side by side, differing by one sound in the same slot. Tap a card to hear the whole line, tap the highlighted part to hear just that.
Five minimal pairs
The contracted form (left) should be shorter by one mora.
| Contracted (1 mora) | Plain + u (2 morae) | Contracted | Plain | Diff |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| りょう / ryou | りよう / riyou | 370 ms | 510 ms | +140 ms |
| しょう / shou | しよう / siyou | 420 ms | 520 ms | +100 ms |
| きょう / kyou | きよう / kiyou | 400 ms | 460 ms | +60 ms |
| じゅう / juu | じゆう / jiyuu | 340 ms | 520 ms | +180 ms |
| ひょう / hyou | ひよう / hiyou | 360 ms | 410 ms | +50 ms |
How to practise
- Tap once for りょ, twice for り・よ.
- きょう (today) is two morae; きよう (skilful) is three.
- A common error is reading the small kana as a full syllable.
Where these numbers come from
Same voice and rate; duration of the speech span. The difference is plain minus contracted, roughly one mora.
Synthesis rate is an engine value; compare the difference.